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Section 37(1) of the Income-tax Act, 1961—Business expenditure—Only those payments which are penal in nature are to be disallowed as per Explanation 1 to Sec.37(1) of the Act and what constitutes penal and what constitutes compensatory is to be determined independently and in the facts and circumstances of each case. What has to be disallowed under Explanation 1 to Sec.37(1) is a payment made, for contravention of laws in force in India and not of any foreign country, the laws are specific to each of the countries according to their rules and regulations and an offence in one country may not be so in another country, therefore, payment made by the assessee for contravention of laws in force in India that disallowance under Explanation 1 to Sec.37(1) is to be made — Mylan Laboratories Ltd. vs. dy. CIT [2020] 180 ITD 558 (HYD)